Yeah the crazy thing about this game is that Naval and Air have no supply so to speak, Ships can stay out at sea indefinitely, I think they tried to tweak the old system but could not find a happy medium but I am sure it will get looked at because Naval is just so ridiculous right now. There is no supply as mentioned, naval bombers are OP as you said because port strike is offthe scale, honestly port strike is crazily good although I kinda see the logic, but as it stands fighters are not picking up bombers as good as they should be. I think they should keep the bombing as is but make fighters better at taking bombers out.
Carriers are pretty good because of how they utilise air and with a good number of screens you will be safe, its just the length of time it takes to build them and the materials. I am loving the game just needs a few issues sorting out mechanics wise, Political game fleshing out and the AI needs some love.
After 2 saves done in Europe, I'm convinced that you need to focus on fighters from the start. Might not be as important in other places, but in Europe if you don't have air superiority right when the war starts, you are running out of options to maneuver very quickly. But if you have control, you can build up from there. Naval bombing, or assaults on ports, which are ******* brutal as you say. And only after that you put out your fleet to clean up the remains. But it all needs to start with fighters.
The thing is, it's very hard to regain air superiority if you don't have it. I kept stockpiling the Fighters in my Germany save, and I only put them out there once I had entire France and Germany covered with anti-air and radar. That took like 2 years. When I finally decided to give it a try, my 2000 Fighters got melted in like 5 minutes, lol.
So yeah, that's my plan for the next Germany save. At the start I'll skip armor divisions completely, because you only need that when you are fighting on large land masses. Get air control, then get navy control, and after that I can just use paratroopers for breakthroughs.